Functional and Passive Systems
What are functional and passive prosthetic systems?
Upper-limb prosthetic systems are often grouped as passive or functional. A passive prosthesis looks like a hand or arm and can stabilize or push objects, but it does not actively grasp through cables or motors. A functional prosthesis uses body power, external power, or a hybrid of both so the terminal device (hook or hand) can open, close, or position.
Why are functional and passive prosthetic systems used?
Not every user needs, or wants, an active grasping device. Some people prioritize appearance, lightness, and simplicity, or they use the residual limb against a passive hand to hold items. Others need grasp for work, self-care, or hobbies. Choice depends on amputation level, remaining motion, occupational demands, and whether the person will wear the device enough to justify the control system.
What are the benefits of functional and passive prosthetic systems?
- Passive systems: lighter, simpler, often more cosmetic, useful for balance and stabilizing objects
- Functional systems: active grasp and release for tasks the residual limb cannot do alone
- Either can be designed for a specific job or sport
- Patients can use more than one system (for example, a work hook and a cosmetic hand) when that is appropriate
Personalized Solutions. Greater Mobility.
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